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Biosphere reserves are sites chosen for the implementation
of the UNESCO MAB (Man and the Biosphere) Program. As
of June 2001 there were some 394 sites in 94 countries
on all five continents.
Biosphere reserves are managed under the framework
set out in a series of documents approved by UNESCO
Member States: the Seville Strategy and the Statutory
Framework for the World Network of Biosphere Reserves
adopted in 1996 following an important conference that
laid down the operating principles governing biosphere
reserves. Each reserve remains under the jurisdiction
of the country where it is sited however, and is situated
at least partly in legally protected areas such as parks
and nature reserves.
Biosphere reserves have three complementary functions:
preserving ecosystems, scenery, species of flora and
fauna and their genetic heritage both in natural areas
and others used for farming, forestry, fishing, hunting,
tourism or any other activity. Preference should be
given to practices respecting the environment.
The reserves should also play a role in encouraging
social and economic development while respecting nature
and the local culture. This implies that the local population
plays an active part, and is involved in decision-making.
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